Understanding Depression: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Burnout or depression?

Burnout is often referred to as depressive moods that are accompanied by massive symptoms of exhaustion. Since there is no clear definition of the term, the use of the term is somewhat confusing.

Various psychological symptoms that require different therapies are summarized under the term burnout.

Because the term describes the illness as a result of being overwhelmed, it avoids the negative image that is associated with mental illnesses. However, saying that stress is the sole trigger for depression is not sufficiently descriptive.

Depression Can Affect Anyone

It is believed that around five percent of the total population suffers from depressive moods that require treatment. The number of unreported cases is likely to be higher.

In cases with a severe course of the disease, depression can limit the quality of life so massively that a person becomes unable to work. Men and women are affected as well as children and adolescents.

The symptoms of depression are varied, from the inability to be happy, having sleep disorders, a loss of appetite, a total lack of drive to panic attacks or numbness and inner emptiness.

While the core symptoms are comparable among those affected, there are gender-specific differences: In men, there is an increasing tendency towards self-directed anger and suicidal tendencies.

In women, a retreat to the inside with brooding and anxiety can be observed. Depression in children is characterized by listlessness, irritation, eating disorders and self-manipulation such as thumb sucking.

Depression: Diagnosing symptoms

The symptoms are varied and not specific. Depression is therefore often diagnosed on the principle of exclusion. For a reliable diagnosis, it is crucial to rule out diseases with the same symptoms.

These include cardiovascular system diseases as well as thyroid or pancreas diseases, which affect the hormonal balance.

Until recently, various forms of depression have been described based on their environment. Depression, for which metabolic disorders in the brain were the cause, was referred to as endogenous, e.g. internal depression.

If one assumed external factors as the cause, one spoke of a neurotic depression or, in the case of short-term traumatic experiences, of a reactive depression. Special terms such as bipolar disorder, which describes the change of high and low moods, or terms such as winter, age and pregnancy depression describe special forms.

Today, it is believed that the principle of cause and effect is insufficient to describe depressive disorders. It is rather assumed that internal and external factors affect each other in a complex way.

In the course of this, a descriptive diagnostic practice has been established in which the respective symptoms are described using a generally applicable scheme and classified in terms of their intensity.

Researchers believe that there is an inherited predisposition to depression. Using so-called resilience research, scientists are trying to determine the genetic causes of some people being more resistant to highly stressful life situations than others. The research results could then help develop therapies for patients with depression.

Causes of Depression: Neurobiological and Sociocultural Factors

The neurotransmitters serotonin and noradrenaline play an important role in the transmission of stimuli to the nerves. In the case of depression, the metabolism in the brain is disturbed and the correct amount of serotonin and noradrenaline are not available.

This changes the irritability of the nerves, which can cause mood changes and other symptoms that are typical of a depression.

The human psyche is a complicated construct that is influenced by many external factors. Several theories assume that there are certain basic psychological needs that must be met for the soul to be in balance.

Again and again, the social environment (partners, family and friends), the need for security (protection of life, financial security, housing) and the meaning of life (work and job, tasks, being wanted) are mentioned.

If one of the basic needs is not met for a longer period of time or suddenly, the psyche becomes unbalanced. Depression can then occur.

Depression Therapy Options

Depression is usually treated with medication or psychotherapy. Both treatment methods are often combined. Antidepressants are usually prescribed to treat hormonal disorders.

Because of their minor side effects, so-called serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are mainly prescribed nowadays. With the psychotherapeutic treatment, the problem of each patient can be specifically addressed.

There is a wide range of methods available from conversation psychotherapy to analytical psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy to role playing.

Natural Remedies for Depression

Dealing with depression can be challenging, and while professional help is important, many people find that incorporating natural remedies into their daily routine can support their mental well-being. These approaches focus on nurturing your body and mind in holistic ways, promoting balance, and helping to lift your mood naturally. Here are some effective natural strategies to consider:

1. Exercise

• Regular physical activity, especially aerobic exercises like walking, jogging, swimming, or cycling, can boost mood by increasing endorphins and serotonin levels.
• Aim for at least 30 minutes most days of the week.

2. Diet and Nutrition

• Eating a balanced diet rich in whole foods, vegetables, fruits, lean protein, and omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish, flaxseeds, walnuts) can support brain health.
• Avoid excessive sugar, processed foods, and caffeine, which may worsen mood swings.

3. Sunlight and Vitamin D

• Getting natural sunlight exposure helps increase Vitamin D, which may play a role in mood regulation.
• Aim for 15-30 minutes of sunlight daily if possible.

4. Mindfulness and Meditation

Practices like mindfulness meditation, yoga, and deep-breathing exercises can reduce stress and improve emotional regulation.

5. Sleep Hygiene

• Getting quality sleep is crucial for mental health.
• Maintain a consistent sleep schedule, avoid screens before bed, and create a calming bedtime routine.

6. Social Support

• Spending time with friends, family, or support groups can improve feelings of connection and reduce isolation.

7. Therapeutic Activities

• Journaling, creative arts, gardening, or volunteering can provide a sense of purpose and accomplishment.

FAQ – Burnout vs. Depression

1. What is the difference between burnout and depression?

Burnout is typically associated with work-related stress and emotional exhaustion, while depression is a broader mental health disorder that affects mood, motivation, and daily functioning. Depression can exist with or without burnout.

2. Can burnout lead to depression?

Yes, if burnout is prolonged and unresolved, it can evolve into clinical depression.

3. How do I know if I have depression or just stress?

If your low mood, fatigue, or loss of interest lasts more than two weeks and interferes with your daily life, it may be depression. Only a medical professional can make a diagnosis.

4. Is depression only caused by stress?

No. Depression can result from a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors—not just stress.

5. What are common symptoms of depression?

They include persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, changes in appetite or sleep, fatigue, and feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness.

6. Can children and teens get depressed?

Yes. Children and adolescents can suffer from depression, although their symptoms may appear differently (e.g., irritability or behavioral issues).

7. How is depression treated?

Treatment often involves psychotherapy, medication, or a combination. Lifestyle changes and natural supplements may also support recovery under professional guidance.

8. Can depression be prevented?

While not all cases can be prevented, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing stress, and building strong social support can reduce the risk.

9. Is it okay to talk openly about burnout or depression?

Absolutely. Mental health should be treated with the same importance as physical health. Seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness.