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In den Sommermonaten steht die Sonne in den nördlichen Breitengraden günstig: Maximal 30 Minuten direktes Sonnenlicht täglich reichen aus, um den Körper mit genug Vitamin D zu versorgen.
In den Wintermonaten zwischen Oktober und März steht die Sonne hingegen tief. Auch längere Spaziergänge in der Wintersonne reichen nicht aus, um die Vitamin-D-Bildung im gleichen Maße anzuregen wie im Sommer.
Im Gegensatz zu anderen Vitaminen scheidet der Körper überschüssiges Vitamin D nicht aus, sondern speichert es im Fett- und Muskelgewebe. Von diesen Vorräten zehrt der Organismus im Regelfall in den sonnenarmen Monaten. Aber was passiert, wenn die Reserven aufgebraucht sind?
Informationen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung (DGE) zufolge erreichen über 50 Prozent der deutschen Bevölkerung die wünschenswerte Vitamin-D-Blutkonzentration nicht. Und das nicht nur im Winter. Bei der Mehrheit der Bevölkerung liege allerdings kein Mangel vor, informiert die DGE.
Gewissheit über einen Vitamin-D-Mangel kann nur eine Blutuntersuchung beim Arzt geben. Stellt der Arzt eine Unterversorgung fest, reicht eine Ernährungsumstellung nicht aus: Lediglich 10 bis 20 Prozent des Vitamin-D-Bedarfs lassen sich durch Nahrungsmittel wie fetten Fisch, Eidotter und Milchprodukte decken. Da im Winter auch die Sonnenstrahlen nicht ausreichen, füllen Nahrungsergänzungsmittel wie Vitamin-D-Tropfen die Speicher in der kalten Jahreszeit auf.
Alternativ wirkt sich im Winter eine Reise in sonnige, höhere Lagen positiv auf den Vitamin-D-Spiegel aus. Ein Solarium kann diesen Effekt übrigens nicht ersetzen.
Häufig werden Müdigkeit, Traurigkeit und Abgeschlagenheit im Winter auf eine Unterversorgung mit Vitamin D zurückgeführt. Stimmt das?
Aufgrund der mangelnden UV-B-Strahlung nimmt der Vitamin-D-Spiegel in den Wintermonaten zwar ab. Dass eine Winterdepression, in abgeschwächter Variante auch Winterblues genannt, durch zu wenig Vitamin D ausgelöst wird, ist jedoch nicht erwiesen.
Häufiger gilt der generelle Mangel an Tageslicht als Ursache. Als Behandlungsmethode der Winterdepression wird dann eine Lichttherapie empfohlen – allerdings nicht, um die Vitamin-D-Produktion anzuregen, sondern um die Produktion des Müdigkeit verursachenden Hormons Melatonin zu hemmen.
Ein Zusammenhang zwischen Winterdepression und einer Unterversorgung mit Vitamin D ist nicht erwiesen.